fedimint_client/

db.rs

use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
use std::time::SystemTime;

use anyhow::{anyhow, bail};
use bitcoin::hex::DisplayHex as _;
use fedimint_api_client::api::ApiVersionSet;
use fedimint_client_module::db::ClientModuleMigrationFn;
use fedimint_client_module::module::recovery::RecoveryProgress;
use fedimint_client_module::oplog::{JsonStringed, OperationLogEntry, OperationOutcome};
use fedimint_client_module::sm::{ActiveStateMeta, InactiveStateMeta};
use fedimint_core::config::{ClientConfig, ClientConfigV0, FederationId, GlobalClientConfig};
use fedimint_core::core::{ModuleInstanceId, OperationId};
use fedimint_core::db::{
    Database, DatabaseTransaction, DatabaseVersion, DatabaseVersionKey,
    IDatabaseTransactionOpsCore, IDatabaseTransactionOpsCoreTyped, MODULE_GLOBAL_PREFIX,
    apply_migrations_dbtx, create_database_version_dbtx, get_current_database_version,
};
use fedimint_core::encoding::{Decodable, Encodable};
use fedimint_core::module::registry::ModuleRegistry;
use fedimint_core::module::{Amounts, SupportedApiVersionsSummary};
use fedimint_core::{ChainId, PeerId, TransactionId, impl_db_lookup, impl_db_record};
use fedimint_eventlog::{
    DB_KEY_PREFIX_EVENT_LOG, DB_KEY_PREFIX_UNORDERED_EVENT_LOG, EventLogId, UnordedEventLogId,
};
use fedimint_logging::LOG_CLIENT_DB;
use futures::StreamExt;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use strum::IntoEnumIterator as _;
use strum_macros::EnumIter;
use tracing::{debug, info, trace, warn};

use crate::backup::{ClientBackup, Metadata};
use crate::sm::executor::{
    ActiveStateKeyBytes, ActiveStateKeyPrefixBytes, ExecutorDbPrefixes, InactiveStateKeyBytes,
    InactiveStateKeyPrefixBytes,
};

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, EnumIter, Debug)]
pub enum DbKeyPrefix {
    EncodedClientSecret = 0x28,
    ClientSecret = 0x29, // Unused
    ClientPreRootSecretHash = 0x2a,
    OperationLog = 0x2c,
    ChronologicalOperationLog = 0x2d,
    CommonApiVersionCache = 0x2e,
    ClientConfig = 0x2f,
    PendingClientConfig = 0x3b,
    ClientInviteCode = 0x30, // Unused; clean out remnant data before re-using!
    ClientInitState = 0x31,
    ClientMetadata = 0x32,
    ClientLastBackup = 0x33,
    ClientMetaField = 0x34,
    ClientMetaServiceInfo = 0x35,
    ApiSecret = 0x36,
    PeerLastApiVersionsSummaryCache = 0x37,
    ApiUrlAnnouncement = 0x38,
    EventLog = fedimint_eventlog::DB_KEY_PREFIX_EVENT_LOG,
    UnorderedEventLog = fedimint_eventlog::DB_KEY_PREFIX_UNORDERED_EVENT_LOG,
    EventLogTrimable = fedimint_eventlog::DB_KEY_PREFIX_EVENT_LOG_TRIMABLE,
    ChainId = 0x3c,
    ClientModuleRecovery = 0x40,
    GuardianMetadata = 0x42,
    TransactionFees = 0x43,

    DatabaseVersion = fedimint_core::db::DbKeyPrefix::DatabaseVersion as u8,
    ClientBackup = fedimint_core::db::DbKeyPrefix::ClientBackup as u8,

    ActiveStates = ExecutorDbPrefixes::ActiveStates as u8,
    InactiveStates = ExecutorDbPrefixes::InactiveStates as u8,

    /// Arbitrary data of the applications integrating Fedimint client and
    /// wanting to store some Federation-specific data in Fedimint client
    /// database.
    ///
    /// New users are encouraged to use this single prefix only.
    //
    // TODO: https://github.com/fedimint/fedimint/issues/4444
    //       in the future, we should make all global access to the db private
    //       and only expose a getter returning isolated database.
    UserData = 0xb0,
    /// Prefixes between 0xb1..=0xcf shall all be considered allocated for
    /// historical and future external use
    ExternalReservedStart = 0xb1,
    /// Prefixes between 0xb1..=0xcf shall all be considered allocated for
    /// historical and future external use
    ExternalReservedEnd = 0xcf,
    /// 0xd0.. reserved for Fedimint internal use
    // (see [`DbKeyPrefixInternalReserved`] for *internal* details)
    InternalReservedStart = 0xd0,
    /// Per-module instance data
    ModuleGlobalPrefix = 0xff,
}

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, EnumIter, Debug)]
pub(crate) enum DbKeyPrefixInternalReserved {
    /// [`crate::Client::built_in_application_event_log_tracker`]
    DefaultApplicationEventLogPos = 0xd0,
}

pub(crate) async fn verify_client_db_integrity_dbtx(dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>) {
    let prefixes: BTreeSet<u8> = DbKeyPrefix::iter().map(|prefix| prefix as u8).collect();

    let mut records = dbtx.raw_find_by_prefix(&[]).await.expect("DB fail");
    while let Some((k, v)) = records.next().await {
        // from here and above, we don't want to spend time verifying it
        if DbKeyPrefix::UserData as u8 <= k[0] {
            break;
        }

        assert!(
            prefixes.contains(&k[0]),
            "Unexpected client db record found: {}: {}",
            k.as_hex(),
            v.as_hex()
        );
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for DbKeyPrefix {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{self:?}")
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct EncodedClientSecretKey;

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct EncodedClientSecretKeyPrefix;

impl_db_record!(
    key = EncodedClientSecretKey,
    value = Vec<u8>,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::EncodedClientSecret,
);
impl_db_lookup!(
    key = EncodedClientSecretKey,
    query_prefix = EncodedClientSecretKeyPrefix
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct OperationLogKey {
    pub operation_id: OperationId,
}

impl_db_record!(
    key = OperationLogKey,
    value = OperationLogEntry,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::OperationLog
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct OperationLogKeyPrefix;

impl_db_lookup!(key = OperationLogKey, query_prefix = OperationLogKeyPrefix);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct OperationLogKeyV0 {
    pub operation_id: OperationId,
}

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct OperationLogKeyPrefixV0;

impl_db_record!(
    key = OperationLogKeyV0,
    value = OperationLogEntryV0,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::OperationLog
);

impl_db_lookup!(
    key = OperationLogKeyV0,
    query_prefix = OperationLogKeyPrefixV0
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientPreRootSecretHashKey;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientPreRootSecretHashKey,
    value = [u8; 8],
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientPreRootSecretHash
);

/// Key used to lookup operation log entries in chronological order
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ChronologicalOperationLogKey {
    pub creation_time: std::time::SystemTime,
    pub operation_id: OperationId,
}

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct ChronologicalOperationLogKeyPrefix;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ChronologicalOperationLogKey,
    value = (),
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ChronologicalOperationLog
);

impl_db_lookup!(
    key = ChronologicalOperationLogKey,
    query_prefix = ChronologicalOperationLogKeyPrefix
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct CachedApiVersionSetKey;

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct CachedApiVersionSet(pub ApiVersionSet);

impl_db_record!(
    key = CachedApiVersionSetKey,
    value = CachedApiVersionSet,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::CommonApiVersionCache
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct PeerLastApiVersionsSummaryKey(pub PeerId);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct PeerLastApiVersionsSummary(pub SupportedApiVersionsSummary);

impl_db_record!(
    key = PeerLastApiVersionsSummaryKey,
    value = PeerLastApiVersionsSummary,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::PeerLastApiVersionsSummaryCache
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientConfigKey;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientConfigKey,
    value = ClientConfig,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientConfig
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct PendingClientConfigKey;

impl_db_record!(
    key = PendingClientConfigKey,
    value = ClientConfig,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::PendingClientConfig
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientConfigKeyV0 {
    pub id: FederationId,
}

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct ClientConfigKeyPrefixV0;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientConfigKeyV0,
    value = ClientConfigV0,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientConfig
);

impl_db_lookup!(
    key = ClientConfigKeyV0,
    query_prefix = ClientConfigKeyPrefixV0
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ApiSecretKey;

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct ApiSecretKeyPrefix;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ApiSecretKey,
    value = String,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ApiSecret
);

impl_db_lookup!(key = ApiSecretKey, query_prefix = ApiSecretKeyPrefix);

/// Cached chain ID (bitcoin block hash at height 1) from the federation
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ChainIdKey;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ChainIdKey,
    value = ChainId,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ChainId
);

/// Fees paid per transaction, stored at finalization time
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct TransactionFeesKey(pub TransactionId);

impl_db_record!(
    key = TransactionFeesKey,
    value = Amounts,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::TransactionFees,
);

/// Client metadata that will be stored/restored on backup&recovery
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientMetadataKey;

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct ClientMetadataPrefix;

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientMetadataKey,
    value = Metadata,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientMetadata
);

impl_db_lookup!(key = ClientMetadataKey, query_prefix = ClientMetadataPrefix);

/// Does the client modules need to run recovery before being usable?
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientInitStateKey;

#[derive(Debug, Encodable)]
pub struct ClientInitStatePrefix;

/// Client initialization mode
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum InitMode {
    /// Should only be used with freshly generated root secret
    Fresh,
    /// Should be used with root secrets provided by the user to recover a
    /// (even if just possibly) already used secret.
    Recover { snapshot: Option<ClientBackup> },
}

/// Like `InitMode`, but without no longer required data.
///
/// This is distinct from `InitMode` to prevent holding on to `snapshot`
/// forever both for user's privacy and space use. In case user get hacked
/// or phone gets stolen.
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum InitModeComplete {
    Fresh,
    Recover,
}

/// The state of the client initialization
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum InitState {
    /// Client data initialization might still require some work (e.g. client
    /// recovery)
    Pending(InitMode),
    /// Client initialization was complete
    Complete(InitModeComplete),
}

impl InitState {
    pub fn into_complete(self) -> Self {
        match self {
            InitState::Pending(p) => InitState::Complete(match p {
                InitMode::Fresh => InitModeComplete::Fresh,
                InitMode::Recover { .. } => InitModeComplete::Recover,
            }),
            InitState::Complete(t) => InitState::Complete(t),
        }
    }

    pub fn does_require_recovery(&self) -> Option<Option<ClientBackup>> {
        match self {
            InitState::Pending(p) => match p {
                InitMode::Fresh => None,
                InitMode::Recover { snapshot } => Some(snapshot.clone()),
            },
            InitState::Complete(_) => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn is_pending(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            InitState::Pending(_) => true,
            InitState::Complete(_) => false,
        }
    }
}

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientInitStateKey,
    value = InitState,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientInitState
);

impl_db_lookup!(
    key = ClientInitStateKey,
    query_prefix = ClientInitStatePrefix
);

#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientModuleRecovery {
    pub module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct ClientModuleRecoveryState {
    pub progress: RecoveryProgress,
}

impl ClientModuleRecoveryState {
    pub fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
        self.progress.is_done()
    }
}

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientModuleRecovery,
    value = ClientModuleRecoveryState,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientModuleRecovery,
);

/// Old (incorrect) version of the [`ClientModuleRecoveryState`]
/// that used the wrong prefix.
///
/// See <https://github.com/fedimint/fedimint/issues/7367>.
///
/// Used only for the migration.
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Serialize)]
pub struct ClientModuleRecoveryIncorrectDoNotUse {
    pub module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
}

impl_db_record!(
    key = ClientModuleRecoveryIncorrectDoNotUse,
    value = ClientModuleRecoveryState,
    // This was wrong and we keep it wrong for a migration.
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientInitState,
);

/// Last valid backup the client attempted to make
///
/// Can be used to find previous valid versions of
/// module backup.
#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct LastBackupKey;

impl_db_record!(
    key = LastBackupKey,
    value = ClientBackup,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientLastBackup
);

#[derive(Encodable, Decodable, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct MetaFieldPrefix;

#[derive(Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
pub struct MetaServiceInfoKey;

#[derive(Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
pub struct MetaServiceInfo {
    pub last_updated: SystemTime,
    pub revision: u64,
}

#[derive(
    Encodable, Decodable, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize,
)]
pub(crate) struct MetaFieldKey(pub fedimint_client_module::meta::MetaFieldKey);

#[derive(Encodable, Decodable, Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub(crate) struct MetaFieldValue(pub fedimint_client_module::meta::MetaFieldValue);

impl_db_record!(
    key = MetaFieldKey,
    value = MetaFieldValue,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientMetaField
);

impl_db_record!(
    key = MetaServiceInfoKey,
    value = MetaServiceInfo,
    db_prefix = DbKeyPrefix::ClientMetaServiceInfo
);

impl_db_lookup!(key = MetaFieldKey, query_prefix = MetaFieldPrefix);

pub fn get_core_client_database_migrations()
-> BTreeMap<DatabaseVersion, fedimint_core::db::ClientCoreDbMigrationFn> {
    let mut migrations: BTreeMap<DatabaseVersion, fedimint_core::db::ClientCoreDbMigrationFn> =
        BTreeMap::new();
    migrations.insert(
        DatabaseVersion(0),
        Box::new(|mut ctx| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                let mut dbtx = ctx.dbtx();

                let config_v0 = dbtx
                    .find_by_prefix(&ClientConfigKeyPrefixV0)
                    .await
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                    .await;

                assert!(config_v0.len() <= 1);
                let Some((id, config_v0)) = config_v0.into_iter().next() else {
                    return Ok(());
                };

                let global = GlobalClientConfig {
                    api_endpoints: config_v0.global.api_endpoints,
                    broadcast_public_keys: None,
                    consensus_version: config_v0.global.consensus_version,
                    meta: config_v0.global.meta,
                };

                let config = ClientConfig {
                    global,
                    modules: config_v0.modules,
                };

                dbtx.remove_entry(&id).await;
                dbtx.insert_new_entry(&ClientConfigKey, &config).await;
                Ok(())
            })
        }),
    );

    // Migration to add outcome_time to OperationLogEntry
    migrations.insert(
        DatabaseVersion(1),
        Box::new(|mut ctx| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                let mut dbtx = ctx.dbtx();

                // Read all OperationLogEntries using V0 format
                let operation_logs = dbtx
                    .find_by_prefix(&OperationLogKeyPrefixV0)
                    .await
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                    .await;

                // Build a map from operation_id -> max_time of inactive state
                let mut op_id_max_time = BTreeMap::new();

                // Process inactive states
                {
                    let mut inactive_states_stream =
                        dbtx.find_by_prefix(&InactiveStateKeyPrefixBytes).await;

                    while let Some((state, meta)) = inactive_states_stream.next().await {
                        let entry = op_id_max_time
                            .entry(state.operation_id)
                            .or_insert(meta.exited_at);
                        *entry = (*entry).max(meta.exited_at);
                    }
                }
                // Migrate each V0 operation log entry to the new format
                for (op_key_v0, log_entry_v0) in operation_logs {
                    let new_entry = OperationLogEntry::new(
                        log_entry_v0.operation_module_kind,
                        log_entry_v0.meta,
                        log_entry_v0.outcome.map(|outcome| {
                            OperationOutcome {
                                outcome,
                                // If we found state times, use the max, otherwise use
                                // current time
                                time: op_id_max_time
                                    .get(&op_key_v0.operation_id)
                                    .copied()
                                    .unwrap_or_else(fedimint_core::time::now),
                            }
                        }),
                    );

                    dbtx.remove_entry(&op_key_v0).await;
                    dbtx.insert_entry(
                        &OperationLogKey {
                            operation_id: op_key_v0.operation_id,
                        },
                        &new_entry,
                    )
                    .await;
                }

                Ok(())
            })
        }),
    );

    // Fix #6948
    migrations.insert(
        DatabaseVersion(2),
        Box::new(|mut ctx: fedimint_core::db::DbMigrationFnContext<'_, _>| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                let mut dbtx = ctx.dbtx();

                // Migrate unordered keys that got written to ordered table
                {
                    let mut ordered_log_entries = dbtx
                        .raw_find_by_prefix(&[DB_KEY_PREFIX_EVENT_LOG])
                        .await
                        .expect("DB operation failed");
                    let mut keys_to_migrate = vec![];
                    while let Some((k, _v)) = ordered_log_entries.next().await {
                        trace!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                            k=%k.as_hex(),
                            "Checking ordered log key"
                        );
                        if EventLogId::consensus_decode_whole(&k[1..], &Default::default()).is_err()
                        {
                            assert!(
                                UnordedEventLogId::consensus_decode_whole(
                                    &k[1..],
                                    &Default::default()
                                )
                                .is_ok()
                            );
                            keys_to_migrate.push(k);
                        }
                    }
                    drop(ordered_log_entries);
                    for mut key_to_migrate in keys_to_migrate {
                        warn!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                            k=%key_to_migrate.as_hex(),
                            "Migrating unordered event log entry written to an ordered log"
                        );
                        let v = dbtx
                            .raw_remove_entry(&key_to_migrate)
                            .await
                            .expect("DB operation failed")
                            .expect("Was there a moment ago");
                        assert_eq!(key_to_migrate[0], 0x39);
                        key_to_migrate[0] = DB_KEY_PREFIX_UNORDERED_EVENT_LOG;
                        assert_eq!(key_to_migrate[0], 0x3a);
                        dbtx.raw_insert_bytes(&key_to_migrate, &v)
                            .await
                            .expect("DB operation failed");
                    }
                }

                // Migrate ordered keys that got written to unordered table
                {
                    let mut unordered_log_entries = dbtx
                        .raw_find_by_prefix(&[DB_KEY_PREFIX_UNORDERED_EVENT_LOG])
                        .await
                        .expect("DB operation failed");
                    let mut keys_to_migrate = vec![];
                    while let Some((k, _v)) = unordered_log_entries.next().await {
                        trace!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                            k=%k.as_hex(),
                            "Checking unordered log key"
                        );
                        if UnordedEventLogId::consensus_decode_whole(&k[1..], &Default::default())
                            .is_err()
                        {
                            assert!(
                                EventLogId::consensus_decode_whole(&k[1..], &Default::default())
                                    .is_ok()
                            );
                            keys_to_migrate.push(k);
                        }
                    }
                    drop(unordered_log_entries);
                    for mut key_to_migrate in keys_to_migrate {
                        warn!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                            k=%key_to_migrate.as_hex(),
                            "Migrating ordered event log entry written to an unordered log"
                        );
                        let v = dbtx
                            .raw_remove_entry(&key_to_migrate)
                            .await
                            .expect("DB operation failed")
                            .expect("Was there a moment ago");
                        assert_eq!(key_to_migrate[0], 0x3a);
                        key_to_migrate[0] = DB_KEY_PREFIX_EVENT_LOG;
                        assert_eq!(key_to_migrate[0], 0x39);
                        dbtx.raw_insert_bytes(&key_to_migrate, &v)
                            .await
                            .expect("DB operation failed");
                    }
                }
                Ok(())
            })
        }),
    );

    // Fix #7367
    migrations.insert(
        DatabaseVersion(3),
        Box::new(|mut ctx: fedimint_core::db::DbMigrationFnContext<'_, _>| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                let mut dbtx = ctx.dbtx();

                for module_id in 0..u16::MAX {
                    let old_key = ClientModuleRecoveryIncorrectDoNotUse {
                        module_instance_id: module_id,
                    };
                    let new_key = ClientModuleRecovery {
                        module_instance_id: module_id,
                    };
                    let Some(value) = dbtx.get_value(&old_key).await else {
                        debug!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB, %module_id, "No more ClientModuleRecovery keys found for migartion");
                        break;
                    };

                    debug!(target: LOG_CLIENT_DB, %module_id, "Migrating old ClientModuleRecovery key");
                    dbtx.remove_entry(&old_key).await.expect("Is there.");
                    assert!(dbtx.insert_entry(&new_key, &value).await.is_none());
                }

                Ok(())
            })
        }),
    );
    migrations
}

/// Apply core client database migrations
///
/// TODO: This should be private.
pub async fn apply_migrations_core_client_dbtx(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    kind: String,
) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    apply_migrations_dbtx(
        dbtx,
        (),
        kind,
        get_core_client_database_migrations(),
        None,
        Some(DbKeyPrefix::UserData as u8),
    )
    .await
}

/// `apply_migrations_client` iterates from the on disk database version for the
/// client module up to `target_db_version` and executes all of the migrations
/// that exist in the migrations map, including state machine migrations.
/// Each migration in the migrations map updates the database to have the
/// correct on-disk data structures that the code is expecting. The entire
/// process is atomic, (i.e migration from 0->1 and 1->2 happen atomically).
/// This function is called before the module is initialized and as long as the
/// correct migrations are supplied in the migrations map, the module
/// will be able to read and write from the database successfully.
pub async fn apply_migrations_client_module(
    db: &Database,
    kind: String,
    migrations: BTreeMap<DatabaseVersion, ClientModuleMigrationFn>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    let mut dbtx = db.begin_transaction().await;
    apply_migrations_client_module_dbtx(
        &mut dbtx.to_ref_nc(),
        kind,
        migrations,
        module_instance_id,
    )
    .await?;
    dbtx.commit_tx_result()
        .await
        .map_err(|e| anyhow::Error::msg(e.to_string()))
}

pub async fn apply_migrations_client_module_dbtx(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    kind: String,
    migrations: BTreeMap<DatabaseVersion, ClientModuleMigrationFn>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
    // Newly created databases will not have any data underneath the
    // `MODULE_GLOBAL_PREFIX` since they have just been instantiated.
    let is_new_db = dbtx
        .raw_find_by_prefix(&[MODULE_GLOBAL_PREFIX])
        .await?
        .next()
        .await
        .is_none();

    let target_version = get_current_database_version(&migrations);

    // First write the database version to disk if it does not exist.
    create_database_version_dbtx(
        dbtx,
        target_version,
        Some(module_instance_id),
        kind.clone(),
        is_new_db,
    )
    .await?;

    let current_version = dbtx
        .get_value(&DatabaseVersionKey(module_instance_id))
        .await;

    let db_version = if let Some(mut current_version) = current_version {
        if current_version == target_version {
            trace!(
                target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                %current_version,
                %target_version,
                module_instance_id,
                kind,
                "Database version up to date"
            );
            return Ok(());
        }

        if target_version < current_version {
            return Err(anyhow!(format!(
                "On disk database version for module {kind} was higher ({}) than the target database version ({}).",
                current_version, target_version,
            )));
        }

        info!(
            target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
            %current_version,
            %target_version,
            module_instance_id,
            kind,
            "Migrating client module database"
        );
        let mut active_states = get_active_states(&mut dbtx.to_ref_nc(), module_instance_id).await;
        let mut inactive_states =
            get_inactive_states(&mut dbtx.to_ref_nc(), module_instance_id).await;

        while current_version < target_version {
            let new_states = if let Some(migration) = migrations.get(&current_version) {
                debug!(
                     target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                     module_instance_id,
                     %kind,
                     %current_version,
                     %target_version,
                     "Running module db migration");

                migration(
                    &mut dbtx
                        .to_ref_with_prefix_module_id(module_instance_id)
                        .0
                        .into_nc(),
                    active_states.clone(),
                    inactive_states.clone(),
                )
                .await?
            } else {
                warn!(
                    target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
                    ?current_version, "Missing client db migration");
                None
            };

            // If the client migration returned new states, a state machine migration has
            // occurred, and the new states need to be persisted to the database.
            if let Some((new_active_states, new_inactive_states)) = new_states {
                remove_old_and_persist_new_active_states(
                    &mut dbtx.to_ref_nc(),
                    new_active_states.clone(),
                    active_states.clone(),
                    module_instance_id,
                )
                .await;
                remove_old_and_persist_new_inactive_states(
                    &mut dbtx.to_ref_nc(),
                    new_inactive_states.clone(),
                    inactive_states.clone(),
                    module_instance_id,
                )
                .await;

                // the new states become the old states for the next migration
                active_states = new_active_states;
                inactive_states = new_inactive_states;
            }

            current_version = current_version.increment();
            dbtx.insert_entry(&DatabaseVersionKey(module_instance_id), &current_version)
                .await;
        }

        current_version
    } else {
        target_version
    };

    debug!(
        target: LOG_CLIENT_DB,
        ?kind, ?db_version, "Client DB Version");
    Ok(())
}

/// Reads all active states from the database and returns `Vec<DynState>`.
/// TODO: It is unfortunate that we can't read states by the module's instance
/// id so we are forced to return all active states. Once we do a db migration
/// to add `module_instance_id` to `ActiveStateKey`, this can be improved to
/// only read the module's relevant states.
pub async fn get_active_states(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)> {
    dbtx.find_by_prefix(&ActiveStateKeyPrefixBytes)
        .await
        .filter_map(|(state, _)| async move {
            if module_instance_id == state.module_instance_id {
                Some((state.state, state.operation_id))
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .await
}

/// Reads all inactive states from the database and returns `Vec<DynState>`.
/// TODO: It is unfortunate that we can't read states by the module's instance
/// id so we are forced to return all inactive states. Once we do a db migration
/// to add `module_instance_id` to `InactiveStateKey`, this can be improved to
/// only read the module's relevant states.
pub async fn get_inactive_states(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)> {
    dbtx.find_by_prefix(&InactiveStateKeyPrefixBytes)
        .await
        .filter_map(|(state, _)| async move {
            if module_instance_id == state.module_instance_id {
                Some((state.state, state.operation_id))
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .await
}

/// Persists new active states by first removing all current active states, and
/// re-writing with the new set of active states. `new_active_states` is
/// expected to contain all active states, not just the newly created states.
pub async fn remove_old_and_persist_new_active_states(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    new_active_states: Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)>,
    states_to_remove: Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) {
    // Remove all existing active states
    for (bytes, operation_id) in states_to_remove {
        dbtx.remove_entry(&ActiveStateKeyBytes {
            operation_id,
            module_instance_id,
            state: bytes,
        })
        .await
        .expect("Did not delete anything");
    }

    // Insert new "migrated" active states
    for (bytes, operation_id) in new_active_states {
        dbtx.insert_new_entry(
            &ActiveStateKeyBytes {
                operation_id,
                module_instance_id,
                state: bytes,
            },
            &ActiveStateMeta::default(),
        )
        .await;
    }
}

/// Persists new inactive states by first removing all current inactive states,
/// and re-writing with the new set of inactive states. `new_inactive_states` is
/// expected to contain all inactive states, not just the newly created states.
pub async fn remove_old_and_persist_new_inactive_states(
    dbtx: &mut DatabaseTransaction<'_>,
    new_inactive_states: Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)>,
    states_to_remove: Vec<(Vec<u8>, OperationId)>,
    module_instance_id: ModuleInstanceId,
) {
    // Remove all existing active states
    for (bytes, operation_id) in states_to_remove {
        dbtx.remove_entry(&InactiveStateKeyBytes {
            operation_id,
            module_instance_id,
            state: bytes,
        })
        .await
        .expect("Did not delete anything");
    }

    // Insert new "migrated" inactive states
    for (bytes, operation_id) in new_inactive_states {
        dbtx.insert_new_entry(
            &InactiveStateKeyBytes {
                operation_id,
                module_instance_id,
                state: bytes,
            },
            &InactiveStateMeta {
                created_at: fedimint_core::time::now(),
                exited_at: fedimint_core::time::now(),
            },
        )
        .await;
    }
}

/// Fetches the encoded client secret from the database and decodes it.
/// If an encoded client secret is not present in the database, or if
/// decoding fails, an error is returned.
pub async fn get_decoded_client_secret<T: Decodable>(db: &Database) -> anyhow::Result<T> {
    let mut tx = db.begin_transaction_nc().await;
    let client_secret = tx.get_value(&EncodedClientSecretKey).await;

    match client_secret {
        Some(client_secret) => {
            T::consensus_decode_whole(&client_secret, &ModuleRegistry::default())
                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Decoding failed: {e}"))
        }
        None => bail!("Encoded client secret not present in DB"),
    }
}

/// V0 version of operation log entry for migration purposes
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct OperationLogEntryV0 {
    pub(crate) operation_module_kind: String,
    pub(crate) meta: JsonStringed,
    pub(crate) outcome: Option<JsonStringed>,
}